FPA Notları

On another level, scholars of international relations are leaning towards either a policy or a processoriented analysis of foreign policy. A policy-oriented approach prioritizes explanations that most effectively explain choices of specific policies over others; where as the process-oriented approach puts a premium over the decision-making processes. As a result, policy-oriented analysis tends to deal with either the impact of the actors (the role of agency) or the structures in explaining foreign policy behavior. This marks a methodological confrontation between the so-called bottom-up vs. top-down notions. On the other hand, process-oriented analysis concentrates on the decision-making, and labors to include both structures and agency in its attempts of analyzing international relations. However, rather than taking an integrative approach this second school takes up a levels-of-analysis framework. Therefore, such an approach focuses on the interplay between the state-level and the systemic-level, “treating them separately”. (Carlsnaes, 2012, pp.124 – 125) The problem with such an approach would be that it lacks to bring in the strategic interaction between the actors into the discussion. As a matter of fact any proper analysis of foreign policy should realize the dynamic relationship between actors and structures, and incorporate them together in its analysis. 

Using Analogies in FP:
does no good to try to appease an aggressive leader; instead, the aggres-
sor must be met with immediate and decisive force. Keith Shimko writes

that when individuals use a schema to understand a new problem, they
“fill in the blanks of current events with knowledge accumulated from
past experiences.”30 Once a leader decides a new situation resembles the
effort to appease Hitler, the leader need not seek out detailed information
about the new situation in order to know what policy is necessary.

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